The Handley Page HP.137 Jetstream is a small twin turboprop airliner, with a pressurised fuselage, designed to meet the requirements of the United States feederliner and regional airline market.
BAE Jetstream 41 Regional Airliner, United Kingdom
The Jetstream 41 turboprop regional airliner, manufactured by BAE Systems, is a major development of the Jetstream 31/32 regional airliner family, which entered service in 1982. The Jetstream 31 and the Jetstream 32EP (enhanced performance) are 19-seat turboprop airliners. The stretched Jetstream 41 development was announced in 1989, the first flight took place in 1991 and the aircraft entered service in 1992.
Over 90 Jetstream 41 aircraft are operational worldwide in both 29/30 seat commuter and 14-seat corporate shuttle configurations. The Johannesburg-based airline South African Airlink operates 14 J41s serving destinations in South Africa. British Regional Airlines (BRAL) operate 13 J41 aircraft as a franchisee of British Airways and as Manx Airlines. United Express’ Atlantic Coast Airlines of the USA have a fleet of 32 J41.
The Government Services of Hong Kong have two specially modified Jetstream 41 aircraft for operations in the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and Singapore as well as serving various missions in Hong Kong.
BAE Systems offer the MACRO (Material and Component Repair and Overhaul) programme for Jetstream and ATP (Advanced Turboprop) operators, which provides customers with a fixed maintenance cost that includes comprehensive spares support for a single fixed rate per aircraft flight hour.
FLIGHT DECK
The flight deck accommodates the pilot and co-pilot. The pilots have the Honeywell Primus II digital radio communications system with dual transponders. The flight deck instrumentation includes a Honeywell SPZ-4500 fully digital automatic flight control system with a AH-600 attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), an AZ-810 air data computer . The flight data is displayed on a Honeywell EDZ-805 electronic flight information system four or five-tube display.
CABIN
The fuselage is of semi-monocoque fail-safe design constructed of aluminium alloy. The cabin can be configured in a 10 seat VIP layout, as a 16 seat executive airliner or as a 29 or 30 seat commuter aircraft.
The passenger door on the port side at the front of the cabin is fitted with integral airstairs. The cabin is air conditioned with a Normalair Garret air conditioning system. The aircraft is very quiet and internal noise is minimised because the propeller to fuselage distance has been increased from that of the J31 design. Noise reduction can be improved further by the installation of an optional BAe (formerly GEC Marconi ) active noise suppression system.
The main baggage compartment has a large plug type door and a volume of 4.81m³ (170ft³), allowing 0.24m³ (8.5ft³) of baggage capacity per passenger.
ENGINES
The two Honeywell (formerly Allied Signal) TPE331-14GR/HR turboprop engines, with a takeoff rating per engine of 1,650shp, drive the McCauley five-bladed constant speed feathering metal propellers. The engine intakes have an air-bleed anti-icing system and a two-bottle fire extinguishing system is installed in the engine nacelles. The propellers are fitted with an electrical de-icing system. The typical fuel burn, 420kg fuel /hour is between 20 and 40% lower than that of previous generation engines giving the aircraft a fully passenger loaded range of 1,430km. The J41 aircraft is fitted with a Smiths engine management system.
LANDING GEAR
The aircraft is fitted with tricycle type forward retracting landing gear with twin Dunlop wheels and tyres. The wheels are equipped with anti-skid three rotor steel brakes.
Development
Handley Page was in an awkward position in the 1960s, wishing to remain independent of the "big two" British companies (Hawker Siddeley and the British Aircraft Corporation), but without the money needed to develop a large new airliner that would keep them in the market. After studying the problem they decided that their next product would be a highly competitive small airliner instead, filling a hole they identified for a 12-18 seat high-speed design. The design garnered intense interest in the US when it was first introduced, and an order for 20 had been placed even before the drawings were complete.
The original design dates from 1965 as a 12 seat (6 rows with a centre aisle) aircraft. The aircraft was a low wing, high tail monoplane of conventional layout. Considerable attention was paid to streamlining in order to improve performance, which led to one of the design's more distinctive features, a long nose profile. The fuselage had a circular fuselage cross section to ease pressurization, allowing much higher altitude flights and consequent higher speed and comfort than competing non-pressurised designs. One drawback of the design was that fuselage was so small in cross-section that the cabin floor had to be "lowered" to allow stand-up passenger entry and egress through the rear door. This meant that the main spar had to run through the cabin, causing a tripping hazard.
Final assembly took place in a new factory at the Radlett aerodrome, but large portions of the structure were subcontracted, including complete wings being built by Scottish Aviation at Prestwick, Scotland and the tail section by Northwest Industries of Edmonton, Canada. The original design used Turboméca Astazou XIV engines of approximately 840 hp, and flew on 18 August 1967 as the Jetstream 1.[1] Throughout the test program the engines proved to be a sore spot, being generally underpowered for the design, and surprisingly temperamental for what was then a mature and widely-used turboshaft design. Testing was eventually moved to the Turboméca factory airfield in the south of France, both to allow faster turnaround with engine work, and in order to improve the schedule by taking advantage of the better weather.
In order to improve sales prospects in the US, the fifth prototype was fitted with the US-built Garrett AiResearch TPE-331 in place of the French Astazou. Changing to the US-built engine was enough to allow the US Air Force to consider it for cargo use. They eventually placed an order for eleven, fitted with a cargo door and accommodation for 12 passengers or 6 stretcher cases, to be known as the C-10A, or Jetstream 3M. However the USAF cancelled their order in October 1969 citing late delivery.[1]
The first production model Jetstream 1 flew on 6 December 1968, and over the next year 36 would be delivered. However by this point Handley Page had given up on the original engine, and the Jetstream 2 was launched with the larger 965 hp Astazou XVI, starting deliveries in late 1969. The late delivery and engine problems had driven development costs to over £13 million, far more than the original £3 million projections. Only three Jetstream 2s would be completed before Handley Page went bankrupt, and the production line eventually shut down in 1970.
There was enough interest in the design that it was first picked up by a collaboration of investors and Scottish Aviation who formed a company called Jetstream Aircraft to produce the aircraft. A further ten Jetstream 1s were produced by this team. Scottish Aviation continued production of the Jetstream 2 as well, although they referred to it as the Jetstream 200. In February 1972, twenty-six Jetstream 201s were ordered by the Royal Air Force, who used them as multi-engine trainers as the Jetstream T.1. Fourteen of these were modified as observer trainers for the Royal Navy, receiving the designation Jetstream T.2.
It also featured in the 1979 James Bond Film Moonraker when the instruments are shot at and Bond is pushed out without a parachute. (Toplam hit: 946)
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